To what extent do Shakespeare and your writer present harmony and reconciliation as possible endings to the various conflicts within the play Essay Example

To what extent do Shakespeare and your writer present harmony and reconciliation as possible endings to the various conflicts within the play Essay To what extent do Shakespeare and your writer present harmony and reconciliation as possible endings to the various conflicts within the play?The Tempest written by William Shakespeare and Translations written by Brian Friel both share allot of common ground. Thematically, they both explore the idea of hegemony; one culture supplanting another. Both plays demonstrate the impact of colonisation, in Translations, Hugh shows how economic advancement and cultural integrity can collide, whereas Caliban shows how Prospero has forced Caliban into a linguistic straightjacket. Parallels can be drawn between Caliban and the people of Ireland; both are misunderstood and underestimated, Calibans original language is reduced and stigmatised. Miranda calls it babble, Caliban recites the most beautiful lines in the play, and clearly he is not the monster Prospero would like to believe. Equally Yolland finds it astonishing that Jimmy Jack and Hugh are so well-educated, this reflects the social/cultu ral attitudes of the time, in England the Irish were commonly portrayed and thus stereotyped as being Paddys and barbaric.Both the Irish and Caliban must adjust for survival. This adjustment can be poignant and no doubt the initial harmony is disrupted. However, in both plays there is partial reconciliation, in Translations, we see the coloniser and the colonised leap over the ditch into a brief exogamous relationship. Whereas in The Tempest we see the betrayer and the betrayed reconciled and Prospero also subtly accepts some responsibility for Caliban. However in both plays we are reminded that any harmony and reconciliation is ephemeral, and as good as it can be, it has an expiry date because To remember everything is a form of madness.Translations, was written in 1980, and is set in the Irish town of Baele Beag amidst British colonisation during the 1830s. It should be noted that at the time of its publication there was still great conflict in Northern Ireland. The play is set in the past, although is has a great deal to do with the present situation in Ireland and indeed other countries.The characters within Translations are confronted with a choice, if they want to salvage harmony they must conform to the ideals of the British. To integrate peacefully within the newly colonised Ireland, sacrifices must be made, amongst these the most important would be the Gaelic language. This is a difficult sacrifice to make because embedded within language is culture, but economic progress cannot be made with an antiquated language such as Gaelic. Fundamentally characters must choose between their history and their future, I believe Friels purpose in doing this is to demonstrate that there is no need to choose, you can have both, and this dichotomy is the propaganda of the colonised. On a personal-political characters such as Owen experience personal conflict in that he is confused as to what he is, the British see him as an Irishman, whereas the Irish see him as a cit y man. Owen is an interesting hybrid, the British characters anglicise him by renaming him Rolland, and he is associated with the renaming process, as a reader, it appears that Owen is pushing for the renaming of Irish. The juxtaposition of Owen and Yolland demonstrates the interchangeability of individuals, it embodies a left wing view of human nature, and it follows Rousseaus school of thought that as human beings we are moulded by the society we are born into. In theory it should be Yolland who is pressing for the advancement of Ireland, by the embracing of the English language etc. In reality, however, Yolland is more as a hibernophile than Owen, who seems to be keener on adjusting for survival rather than the preservation of tradition. Owen and Yolland blur the distinction between the Irish and the English; he is an Irishman who transcends racial distinction, so much so that he becomes more of an Englishman. He has made the afore-mentioned choice, and opted for economic advance ment. Owen is someone who will by the end of the play be reconciled with the culture he left behind, when he takes on Manus role.In The Tempest Caliban is brutalised and corrupted. The Tempest was written in 1611 during the Jacobean Period, following the discovery of the Bermudas and the colonisation of Ireland. Caliban might be interpreted as a representation of the primitive people who occupied the Bermudas, great debate occurred over whether they Bermudas should be colonised, Rousseaus noble savage myth was the argument used to oppose an imperialist conquest. Prosperos arrival on the island disrupted the harmony. From a modern post-colonial perspective this emphasises the fine line between liberation and colonisation an issue we are confronted with now with the Iraq Crisis.You taught me language, and my profit ont/Is I know how to curse. He sees Prospero as entirely oppressive; while Prospero claims that he cared for and educated Caliban before he tried to rape Miranda. Prospero feels that Caliban is ungrateful for the blessing of civilisation and language. Language for Caliban, however, is not empowering, rather oppressive. It highlights the changes Prospero and Miranda have caused and the extent to which they have changed him from what he was. Caliban uses language as an attempt to create a separate identity from his colonisers by using it against them and cursing them; the red plague rid you/for learning me this language!. Caliban has had a false identity impose on him. The role of teacher is destructive for Caliban because Prospero attempts to homogenise Caliban to be more like him.Analogous to Owens confusion is Caliban, other characters within the play are dumbfounded as to where to categorise him. Caliban, like the Irish is equated with being barbaric and animalistic he has legs like a man! And his fins are like arms Caliban is even demonised do we have devils here? this shows a result Calibans transcendence of category. On a linguistic level, Caliba n is separated from the rest, he is sub-human, the derogatory terms thrown at him casually show his debasement from human to animal A thing most brutish, Abhorred slave and vilerace, human and animal are dichotomised. Broken communication and misunderstanding lead to his fall from Prosperos favour; made much of me to here you sty me.Perhaps both Shakespeare and Friel have both made a point that we should reconcile the two. Perhaps we are all part human and part animal. Something Caliban is not allowed to understand because he is stigmatised by Prospero and sentimentalised by Gonzalo, for progress to be made Caliban must be allowed to reconcile the two. However by the end of the play we see a partial reconciliation in that Prospero seems to accept responsibility for Caliban Take with you your companions; as you look/To have my pardon, trim it handsomely.The Tempest was Shakespeares last play, it is regarded as a romance or a tragic-comedy, the conventions of a romance are, extraordin ary occurrences such as shipwrecks; disguises; riddles; reconciliation between children and parents. The reconciliation between Ferdinand and Miranda resolves private and public problems and the conflict between Prospero and Alonso, Prospero loses his daughter metaphorically but he is rewarded with a future grandchild, so we are left with dynastic harmony. In the Masque towards the end there is a Reconciliation of the real and the fantastical in the shape of the natural reapers joining with the supernatural nymphs in a great dance. This symbolises the reconciliation of the pagan (fleshy) and the Christian (spiritual) and the combining of the body and spiritIn Translations, reconciliation is shown between two the English and the Irish. The first embodiment of this is Owen who takes elements from both and represents the new man. The second is the exogamous inter-racial relationship between Maire and Yolland, although there relationship is brief it shows the potential for future reconc iliation between the English and the Irish, the fact that the play uses English language to express Irish characters adds fuel to this argument, however Manus actions demonstrates that obstacles will stand in the way. Jimmys words seem to summarise these obstacles you dont cross these borders casually- both sides get very angry it is cultural conditioning which separates us as human beings, race is used as a barrier. However the play ends on a note of harmony, when a stubborn Hugh agrees to teach Maire English, this sea change indicates that the problems can be overcome when both sides have reached a stage of spiritual understanding and pay no heed to political factions which stand as only as an impediment to human progress.

The Countries of the World in French

The Countries of the World in French Learning the French names for countries is relatively easy if you are already familiar with the name in English. In most instances, the translation is as simple as attaching something like  -ique  or  -ie  to the end of the name.  That means that this a very easy French lesson which students of any level can learn. Les Pays en Franà §ais Below is a list of virtually all of the countries in the world, organized alphabetically from English to French. As you study geography in the French language, you will find it useful to learn how to speak about the countries and be able to use them in sentences. Remember that you need to use a definite article (the the, such as  le or  la)  for countries. Some of the countries do not have a  definite article  because they are islands. Articles are normally not used with islands. You will also need to know the gender of the country in order to use it in a preposition.  Nearly all countries that end in -e are feminine, and the rest are masculine. There are just a few exceptions: le Belizele Cambodgele Mexiquele Mozambiquele Zaà ¯rele Zimbabwe In those cases and for  countries that use  l  as the definitive article, the gender is indicated next to the name. English French Afghanistan l'Afghanistan (m) Albania l'Albanie (f) Algeria l'Algà ©rie (f) Andorra l'Andorre (f) Angola l'Angola (m) Antigua and Barbuda l'Antigua-et-Barbuda (f) Argentina l'Argentine (f) Armenia l'Armà ©nie (f) Australia l'Australie (f) Austria l'Autriche (f) Azerbaijan l'Azerbaà ¯djan (m) Bahamas les Bahamas (f) Bahrain le Bahreà ¯n Bangladesh le Bangladesh Barbados la Barbade Belarus la Bià ©lorussie Belau Belau Belgium la Belgique Belize le Belize (m) Benin le Bà ©nin Bhutan le Bhoutan Bolivia la Bolivie Bosnia la Bosnie-Herzà ©govine Botswana le Botswana Brazil le Brà ©sil Brunei le Brunà ©i Bulgaria la Bulgarie Burkina-Faso le Burkina Burma la Birmanie Burundi le Burundi Cambodia le Cambodge (m) Cameroon le Cameroun Canada (learn the provinces) le Canada Cape Verde Island le Cap-Vert Central African Republic la Rà ©publique centrafricaine Chad le Tchad Chile le Chili China la Chine Colombia la Colombie Comoro Islands les Comores (f) Congo le Congo Cook Islands les ÃŽles Cook Costa Rica le Costa Rica Cà ´te d'Ivoire la Cà ´te d'Ivoire Croatia la Croatie Cuba Cuba Cyprus Chypre (f) Czech Republic la Rà ©publique tchà ¨que Denmark le Danemark Djibouti le Djibouti Dominica la Dominique Dominican Republic la Rà ©publique dominicaine Ecuador l'Équateur (m) Egypt l'Égypte (f) El Salvador le Salvador England l'Angleterre (f) Equatorial Guinea la Guinà ©e à ©quatoriale Eritrea l'Érythrà ©e (f) Estonia l'Estonie (f) Ethiopia l'Éthiopie (f) Fiji les Fidji (f) Finland la Finlande France (learn the regions) la France French Polynesia la Polynà ©sie franà §aise Gabon le Gabon Gambia la Gambie Georgia la Gà ©orgie Germany l'Allemagne (f) Ghana le Ghana Greece la Grà ¨ce Grenada la Grenade Guatemala le Guatemala Guinea la Guinà ©e Guinea Bissau la Guinà ©e-Bissao Guyana la Guyana Haiti Haà ¯ti Honduras le Honduras Hungary la Hongrie Iceland l'Islande (f) India l'Inde (f) Indonesia l'Indonà ©sie (f) Iran l'Iran (m) Iraq l'Irak (m) Ireland l'Irlande (f) Israel Israà «l (m) Italy l'Italie (f) Jamaica la Jamaà ¯que Japan le Japon Jordan la Jordanie Kazakhstan le Kazakhstan Kenya le Kenya Kiribati Kiribati (f) Kuwait le Koweà ¯t Kyrgyzstan le Kirghizstan Laos le Laos Latvia la Lettonie Lebanon le Liban Lesotho le Lesotho Liberia le Libà ©ria Libya la Libye Liechtenstein le Liechtenstein Lithuania la Lituanie Luxembourg le Luxembourg Macedonia la Macà ©doine Madagascar Madagascar (m) Malawi le Malawi Malaysia la Malaisie Maldives les Maldives (f) Mali le Mali Malta Malte (f) Marshall Islands les ÃŽles Marshall Mauritania la Mauritanie Mauritius ÃŽle Maurice (f) Mexico le Mexique (m) Micronesia la Micronà ©sie Moldavia la Moldavie Monaco Monaco Mongolia la Mongolie Montenegro le Montà ©nà ©gro Morocco le Maroc Mozambique le Mozambique Namibia la Namibie Nauru la Nauru Nepal le Nà ©pal Netherlands les Pays-Bas New Zealand la Nouvelle-Zà ©lande Nicaragua le Nicaragua Nieu Niouà © Niger le Niger Nigeria le Nigà ©ria North Korea la Corà ©e du Nord Northern Ireland l'Irelande du Nord (f) Norway la Norvà ¨ge Oman l'Oman (m) Pakistan le Pakistan Panama le Panama Papua New Guinea la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinà ©e Paraguay le Paraguay Peru le Pà ©rou Philippines les Philippines (f) Poland la Pologne Portugal le Portugal Qatar le Qatar Romania la Roumanie Russia la Russie Rwanda le Rwanda Saint Kitts-Nevis Saint-Christophe-et-Nià ©và ¨s (m) Saint Lucia Sainte-Lucie Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines San Marino Saint-Marin Sao Tomà © and Principe Sao Tomà © et Principe (m) Saudi Arabia l'Arabie saoudite (f) Scotland l'Écosse (f) Senegal le Sà ©nà ©gal Serbia la Serbie Seychelles les Seychelles (f) Sierra Leone la Sierra Leone Slovakia la Slovaquie Slovenia la Slovà ©nie Soloman Islands les ÃŽles Salomon Somalia la Somalie South Africa l'Afrique du Sud (f) South Korea la Corà ©e du Sud Spain l'Espagne (f) Sri Lanka le Sri Lanka Sudan le Soudan Surinam le Surinam Swaziland le Swaziland Sweden la Suà ¨de Switzerland la Suisse Syria la Syrie Tajikistan le Tadjikistan Tanzania la Tanzanie Thailand la Thaà ¯lande Togo le Togo Tonga les Tonga (f) Trinidad and Tobago la Trinità ©-et-Tobago Tunisia la Tunisie Turkey la Turquie Turkmenistan le Turkmà ©nistan Tuvalu le Tuvalu Uganda l'Ouganda (m) Ukraine l'Ukraine (f) United Arab Emirates les Émirats arabes unis (m) United Kingdom le Royaume-Uni United States (learn the states) les États-Unis (m) Uruguay l'Uruguay (m) Uzbekistan l'Ouzbà ©kistan (m) Vanuatu le Vanuatu Vatican le Vatican Venezuela le Venezuela Vietnam le Vià ªt-Nam Wales le pays de Galles Western Samoa les Samoa occidentales Yemen le Yà ©men Yugoslavia la Yougoslavie Zaire (Congo) le Zaà ¯re (m) Zambia la Zambie Zimbabwe le Zimbabwe (m)

A Night at the Opera

A Night at the Opera Analysis Paper A Night at the Opera is a 1935 American comedy film starring the Marx brothers. Groucho Marx, Chico Marx and Harpo Marx. The Marx brothers influence on comedy can still be seen in todays films. There is very few comedians that have ever had as long a lasting influence or been as well-known as they are. It is absolutely astonishing that after over seventy years, it still portrays the same amount of enjoyment and laughter in modern viewers as it did when the film was first distributed. The language of their comedy has not dulled over time, aspects of Marx brother humor can be found throughout sit-coms, movies, comedic acts and especially cartoons. I have been a huge fan of the show called I Love Lucy since I was about 7 years old, but I never knew that the Marx brothers had such an influence on the show and that they based a lot of there comedy scenes from the Marx brothers, and Harpo had actually starred in one of their episodes as well. In the film A Night at the Opera they have a singer names Ricardo Baroni, and in the set of I Love Lucy her husbans name is Ricky Ricardo. I feel as if since A Night at the Opera played such a big influence on their show that maybe they were trying to place that name in there as some type of contribute to them and their film. I also have seen many scenes in the cartoon Tom and Jerry that tie in together from the Marx brothers. This is just proof that from Grouchos wisecracking word play, Chico conning every person he can when he has the chance, to the way Harpos doesnt speak and frankly comes off really dumb founded. There sense of humor is timeless and forever will be a true classic.

The role and importance of communication to organisational Essay

The role and importance of communication to organisational effectiveness - Essay Example 78-79). The managers make the production process by organizing and communicating to the employees on the area in which person is supposed to be. In regard to this, effectiveness in the production process is improved when the employees are informed on why they have been selected to perform particular tasks and not others. This creates harmony within the organization since they do not view job allocations as a form of oppression but as a way of developing their skills (Leopold et al 2005 p.56). Since organizations constantly change in order to match the varying consumer needs, communication becomes a necessity especially where goods and services are to be produced according to the customer’s specifications. Information flow along the management hierarchy needs to be effective in order for the workers to understand what and for whom to produce. For example, customers may order a specific amount of a particular quantity of product. Since they can not access the employees directly, they have to contact the management who are expected to satisfy their demands. If effective communication is not made to every one concerned in production, employees may end up not producing according to specifications given to the managers (Geoffrey 2004 pp. 34-36). Information regarding a change in production needs to be communicated through the available methods such as group discussions, team work and such so that the employees can discuss and exchange ideas in regard to the changes. Wit hout effective communication, an organization can not accomplish its goals. Communication with in an organization promotes transparency in the organization. It happens that when the employees do not get adequate information from their seniors, it is most likely that they may end up making the wrong decisions or conclusions in critical issues. For example, it is important for the employees to understand the criteria through which the management confers

Write a critical analysis of an 'Elegy for my Father' by Annie Finch Essay

Write a critical analysis of an 'Elegy for my Father' by Annie Finch - Essay Example Right from beginning her work brought recognition to how she has brought music to meter without diverging from the truthfulness of her emotions which she wants to express. This musicality in her words later shows through when she wrote libretti for operas and lieder for contemporary composers. Her work shows not only the relationship between nature and human but also the themes evolving from her religious inclinations. Calenders has works woven around the cycles in a Celtic or wiccan calendar and whether the themes are based in myth or in real life relations they broadly cover the cycles in a women’s life. The works like ‘Elegy for my Father’ show not only Finch’s poetic prowess but also how a personal moment became the inspiration. ‘Calenders’ is one of Finch’s major poetry books which includes her works from 1990s as well as some poems from 1980s and one from 1970. The poems are written around the theme of Celtic or Wiccan calendar which reflects not only the seasons though titles like Spring Equinox, Summer Solstice, Winter Solstice, Lammas, Imbolc but they also bring the cyclical nature of time and specially a woman’s life to the reader. Many poems varying in style and ideas are written around themes which are more feminist like a woman’s cycles, her relationship with parents, her grievances, her pregnancies and her loves but in other poems which are not around mythical, like ‘Elegy for my Father’, Finch is inspired by some moment in her life. Calenders not only has a detailed account of how and when the poems were completed but it is also accompanied by a guide which is a complete work of poetics in itself. Finch listed when each poem was eventually completed and how the book evolved. The ‘Elegy for my Father’ is written in dactylic tetrameter and is unrhymed. Finch is not someone who is limited by meter. It comes as no surprise when we see variations of dactylic meter in

Aspects of Human Gene Therapy :: Science Biology Genetic Essays

Aspects of Human Gene Therapy Introduction The prospect of human gene therapy was first realized in 1971 when the first recombinant DNA experiments were planned. Gene therapy can be simply viewed as inserting bits of foreign DNA into a patient’s tissue in hopes of evoking a biologic response that will effectively eliminate the targeted disease. Major advances in recombinant DNA technology have occurred over the last 20 years so that now gene therapy is becoming a reality. Gene therapeutic techniques have recently been attempted to treat patients with the genetic diseases severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), cystic fibrosis, and Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (Donegan, 1995). The optimist foresees a time when a patient will simply receive a snippet of DNA and go home cured. There are many ethical and scientific hurdles that must first be crossed for such a dream to become reality. The technology has advanced so rapidly that many ethical questions weren’t originally addressed and accordingly are now bec oming the center of attention regarding human genetic research. Furthermore, scientists must find a way to outwit the body’s immune system which is primed to fight any foreign material such as inserted genes. There are also difficulties in getting the targeted cells to open up their molecular locks to allow the foreign genes inside. Gene therapy, like other medical advances before it, will have numerous failures before reaching its full potential. It will be important for the public, press, and medical industry to be patient in waiting for the dream of gene therapy to become a reality. Technological Aspects of Gene Therapy The underlying principle of gene therapy is the transfer of genetic material to specific cells of a patient in an effort to initiate a biological response to fight or eliminate a disease. There are two possible types of target cells, somatic cells that are non-reproducing, or reproducing germ-line cells. If germ-line cells are permanently altered, all future generations would be effected. Most of the current human genetic research involves somatic cells since the ethical ramifications of germ-line cell modification is still being debated. Some scientists have expressed concerns that even altered somatic cell genes could find their way to reproducing, germ-line cells (Donegan, 1995). Accordingly, regulations are strict in regards to somatic cell gene modification techniques so that this gene migration will not occur. Transfer of genes to target cells is usually accomplished by some sort of vector such as retroviruses, adenoviruses, or liposomes (Mulligan, 1993; Crystal, 1995).

A Tale of Two Cities Humor Essay

Humor in A Tale of Two Cities This novel is filled with humor but one scene that catches attention as humorous is in Chapter one of the Second Book, Jerry Cruncher is the most comical character in the book and in this particular scene he yells at his wife for praying against her. This is comical because it is so absurd especially the way Dickens depicts it. Mr.Cruncher wa kes up to find his wife praying and yells twice that she is â€Å"at it agin† (Dickens 56), so he continues to throw a muddy boot at her. Mrs.Cruncher only responds after he addresses her again, she explains that she was not praying against him but for him. This entire scene is utterly ridiculous because she was just being a peaceful wife but her husband assumes she is praying for him to be unsuccessful. He has no evidence to back up his accusation yet continues to believe it. This scene also display terrible sexism on the part of Jerry Cruncher. Humor in A Tale of Two Cities This novel is filled with humor but one scene that catches attention as humorous is in Chapter one of the Second Book, Jerry Cruncher is the most comical character in the book and in this particular scene he yells at his wife for praying against her. This is comical because it is so absurd especially the way Dickens depicts it. Mr.Cruncher wa kes up to find his wife praying and yells twice that she is â€Å"at it agin† (Dickens 56), so he continues to throw a muddy boot at her. Mrs.Cruncher only responds after he addresses her again, she explains that she was not praying against him but for him. This entire scene is utterly ridiculous because she was just being a peaceful wife but her husband assumes she is praying for him to be unsuccessful. He has no evidence to back up his accusation yet continues to believe it. This scene also display terrible sexism on the part of Jerry Cruncher. Humor in A Tale of Two Cities This novel is filled with humor but one scene that catches attention as humorous is in Chapter one of the Second Book, Jerry Cruncher is the most comical character in the book and in this particular scene he yells at his  wife for praying against her. T his is comical because it is so absurd especially the way Dickens depicts it. Mr.Cruncher wa kes up to find his wife praying and yells twice that she is â€Å"at it agin† (Dickens 56), so he continues to throw a muddy boot at her. Mrs.Cruncher only responds after he addresses her again, she explains that she was not praying against him but for him. This entire scene is utterly ridiculous because she was just being a peaceful wife but her husband assumes she is praying for him to be unsuccessful. He has no evidence to back up his accusation yet continues to believe it. This scene also display terrible sexism on the part of Jerry Cruncher.